Unanticipated windfall income is used for shared household needs when allocated to a husband or wife publicly, but behavior changes when it is given privately – men spend on personal consumption, while women save or loan to personal networks.

Women are more constrained in their decision making, particularly by family obligations, distance and illness, affecting their participation and dropout rates from vocational training programs.

Access to a formalized savings account substantially improves female small-business owners’ overall savings and investment in business operations in Kenya.

Conditional cash transfers improve educational outcomes, while at the same time, unconditional cash transfers reduce teenage pregnancy and marriage.

A public health campaign warning about the increased risk of HIV associated with older partners decreased teen pregnancy (a proxy for unprotected sex), while abstinence-only education did not.

Asking consumers to share the cost of insecticide-treated nets, even a small amount, significantly decreases their use by pregnant women, which increases their risk of malaria.

Among girls In Kenyan primary schools, merit-based scholarships are a cost-effective way to raise student test scores, improve attendance, and encourage a lasting commitment to education.

Nationally broadcast soap operas can be an effective awareness campaign to influence fertility-related behavior and increase the use of family planning measures.